![]() Gupta NS, Pancost RD (2004) Biomolecular and physical taphonomy of angiosperm leaf during early decay: implications for fossilisation. ![]() Goosens H, de Leeuw JW, Schenck PA, Brassell SC (1984) Tocopherols as likely precursors of pristane in ancient sediments and crude oils. Goñi MA, Nelson B, Blanchette RA, Hedges JI (1993) Fungal degradation of wood lignins: geochemical perspectives from CuO-derived phenolic dimers and monomers. Goñi MA, Hedges JI (1992) Lignin dimers: structures, distribution, and potential geochemical applications. Goñi MA, Hedges JI (1990) The diagenetic behavior of cutin acids in buried conifer needles and sediments from a coastal marine environment. Plant Ecol 182:209â233Ä®glinton G, Hamilton RJ (1967) Leaf epicuticular waxes. Acta Palaeobot Suppl 2:629â632Äe Leeuw JW, Versteegh GJM, van Bergen PF (2006) Biomacromolecules of algae and plants and their fossil analogues. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 63:193â205Ĭollinson ME, Mösle B, Finch P, Wilson R, Scott AC (2000) Preservation of plant cuticles. Org Geochem 23:169â175Ĭody GD, Sághi-Szabó G (1999) Calculation of the 13C NMR chemical shift of ether linkages in lignin derived geopolymers: constraints on the preservation of lignin primary structure with diagenesis. Trans Am Philos Soc New Ser 40:171â239Ĭlifford DJ, Carson DM, McKinney DE, Bortiatynski JM, Hatcher PG (1995) A new rapid technique for the characterization of lignin in vascular plants: thermochemolysis with tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH). In: Stankiewicz BA, van Bergen PF (eds) Nitrogen-containing macromolecules in the bio- and geosphere, vol 707, ACS symposium series.Ĭhaney RW (1951) A revision of fossil Sequoia and Taxodium in western North America based on the recent discovery of Metasequoia. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 54:2003â2013Ä«land HA, van Bergen PF, Carter JF, Evershed RP (1998) Early diagenetic transformations of proteins and polysaccharides in archaeological plant remains. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 54:1991â2001Ä«enner R, Hatcher PG, Hedges JI (1990b) Early diagenesis of mangrove leaves in a tropical estuary: bulk chemical characterization using solid-state 13C NMR and elemental analyses. KeywordsÄ«enner R, Weliky K, Hedges JI (1990a) Early diagenesis of mangrove leaves in a tropical estuary: molecular-level analyses of neutral sugars and lignin-derived phenols. The resistant nature of cutin compared to lignin and polysaccharides explains the ubiquitous presence of an n-alkyl component (C 27 n-alkanes. ![]() Modern Metasequoia needle was heated experimentally in confined conditions that generated a macromolecular composition with an aliphatic polymer up to C 32 and additional phenolic compounds similar to those present in the fossils. Fossils from the Eocene of Axel Heiberg revealed the presence of lignin and an aliphatic polymer up to C 29 with cellulose and fossils from the Miocene Clarkia deposit in Idaho of USA revealed lignin and an aliphatic polymer up to C 27 without any polysaccharides. Analysis of Metasequoia fossils from the Eocene of Republic (Washington State) showed a significant aliphatic component without detection of biopolymeric lignin and polysaccharides. This is supported by electron microscopy of changes in the cellular structure and cuticle of the modern, decayed, and fossil Metasequoia leaves. Analysis of environmentally decayed Metasequoia leaves revealed that guaiacyl lignin units and cellulose were degraded more relative to vinyl phenol (the last being the primary pyrolysis product of cutin and plant cuticles) suggesting that cutin is likely more stable than lignin and cellulose during early diagenesis contrary to some previous studies. Analysis of modern Metasequoia leaves revealed the presence of structural polyester cutin, guaiacyl lignin units and polysaccharides.
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